宋代福建地区人地矛盾及其调节

On the Conflicts and Regulations between Population and Land of Fujian in Song Dynasty

福建依山临海,山多田少,地理环境十分复杂。到北宋中后期,出现人稠地狭、人地矛盾非常突出的局面。紧张的人地关系迫使人们通过开垦土地、发展高效农业、向外迁移、经营工商、发展教育和佛教事业等方式进行调节,求得生存空间,对当地的自然地理、社会经济、政治文化产生了深远影响。这些民间自发调节和政府主动调节措施值得我们去深入研究总结,其经验教训对解决当前中国严峻的人多地少矛盾具有一定的历史借鉴意义。

Situated near the mountain and by the sea,Fujian is mountainous,whose geographic environment is very complex.To the late Northern Song Dynasty,a troublesome situation emerged,where the conflicts between population and land was highlighted,owing to the dense population and few lands.Strained relationship between population and land played a key role.In order to seek for regulation and survival,people were forced to cultivate the land,develop the efficient agriculture,migrate outwards,run business and develop education and Buddhism,all of which did had a profound effect on the local geography,social economy and political culture.These civil self regulation and governmental regulation measures are worth of survey and research,whose experiences and lessons are of historic and referential meaning in solving China ＇s current severe conflict resulting from the dense population and fewer lands.