儒学视野下的中日“士人”比较

Comparison between "the scholar" in China and that in Japan from Confucian view

在中日两国古代社会都曾存在一个士人阶层,并且共同拥有儒学这一文化土壤。从"仁、义、忠、孝、勇"等儒家道德规范对中国士人与日本武士的人生价值取向、道德规范等进行探讨,指出中国士人信奉的是道,道义高于王权,捍卫道义是至高无上的使命,讲究志同道合,道不同则不相为谋,相反,日本武士讲究对天皇和主君的效忠,且将之与"义"(即情义)联系在一起,对主人尽忠,珍惜武士名分,崇尚勇武。

There used to exist a social stratum called ＂the scholar＂ in ancient China and ancient Japan,and both countries possessed the Confucian culture.The paper probed into the life value adoption and ethics of the Chinese scholar and those of the Japanese scholar from the perspective of the Confucian ethics,i.e.＂benevolence,righteousness,loyalty,filial piety,bravery＂.It pointed out that the Chinese scholar believes in morality.To him,morality and justice are more important than monarchical power;defending morality and justice is his supreme mission;he cherishes those who have the same ideals and interests with him and shuns those who follow different ways.In contrast,the Japanese scholar believes in loyalty to Mikado and monarch and he integrates the loyalty with comradeship.He shows loyalty to his master,cherishes the status of bushido,and advocates bravery and valor.