玉米叶片早衰及籽粒败育的机理与影响因素

The Mechanism and Effect of the Early Ageing and Kernel Abortion of Corn Leaves

综述了导致玉米叶片早衰的遗传基因、外界环境条件和栽培措施等因素,及玉米籽粒败育的机理(营养供应限制、粒位与籽粒败育、输导及合成限制、库容及库活性)和影响籽粒败育的因素(遗传因素、水分条件、温度及光照条件和密度等);提出了减少籽粒败育的几点措施(选用优良品种,适宜密度、拔除雄穗,科学合理施肥、改善植株营养条件,适宜灌溉、及时排涝)。

Genes and environmental factors and cultural practices related to early ageing of corn leaves were reviewed in the paper.The relationship between early ageing and condition of roots was discussed.Kernel abortion was because of nutrition,the position of kernel,transportation and assimilation limits,potential and activity of sink.Factors affecting kernel abortion were genetic factor,water condition,temperature,light condition and kernel density.Measures for reducing kernel abortion were put foreword,such as choosing fine seeds,suitable density,plucking out ears,fertilizing reasonably,improving nutrition condition,suitable irrigation and timely emission of water.