牟宗三对康德“物自身”学说的改造及其内在问题

Mou Zongsan's Reconstruction of Kant's Theory of "Thing-in-Itself" and the Inner Problems

牟宗三改造了康德的"物自身"学说,对这一概念予以实体化和价值化,将康德那里"3+X"的结构转化为"心体物用"的结构,进而将"本体界"等同于"价值世界"。牟氏在以上的改造过程中,一方面混淆了康德哲学的语境和神学的语境,另一方面混淆了"时空中之物"的有限性和"上帝所造之物"的有限性,因而不能令人信服地证明"物自身是一个价值意味的概念"。这种"价值优位"的立场来自于儒家传统,在现代性的语境中成为"价值的泛化",而儒家思想的现代发展必须克服这种倾向,尊重事实世界的独立性。

Mou Zongsan reconstructs Kant's theory of'thing-in-itself',and endows this notion with the meaning of substantiality and value.He turns Kant's '3 + X' structure into 'mind-matter' structure,and then makes the 'noumenon' equivalent to'the world of value'.In the reconstruction,Mou confuses the theological context and that of Kant's philosophy,and confuses the finiteness of 'thing in space-time' and that of 'thing created by God',therefore,he can not convincingly prove that 'thing-in-itself is a concept of valuation'.Mou's standpoint of 'priority of value' comes from Confucian tradition,and in the context of modernity,it becomes 'overextensive of value'.The modern development of Confucianism must overcome this tendency,and respect the independence of the 'world of fact'.