我国赃款赃物处理中存在的问题、原因及处置原则初探

A Primary Approach to the Problems,Causes and Settlement Principles in Dealing with the Stolen Money and Goods in China

目前我国对于赃款赃物处理的有关法律法规尚不完善,具体规定不明确,程序操作上的规定存在交叉与冲突,不利于对被害人的救济。在司法实务中处理程序比较混乱,先行返还被害人合法财产处理和无主赃款赃物的处理存在很大的随意性,赃款赃物的鉴定费用过高,造成司法机关经费压力过大。赃物的存放空间有限,造成司法部门对赃款赃物的保管困难等等。这些问题与我国的诉讼中向来存在着"重实体、轻程序","重破案、轻追赃"的理念,立法上缺乏明确规定、办案经费紧张和司法部门分工不明确等因素有关。基于此,在对赃款赃物进行规制时,应遵行以下原则:一是主体法定的原则,二是法院对赃款赃物定性和行使最终处置权的原则,三是侦控机关程序处分的原则,四是法院行使司法审查权的原则,五是利害关系人程序参与的原则,六是追缴原物为主、退赔例外的原则,七是返还被害人为主、上缴国库例外的原则。

At present,the existing laws and regulations for settling the illicit money and goods are immature in China,specificly the regulations are not clear enough,and the provisions of procedures are cross-operated and conflicting,which is not beneficial for the relief of victims.In judicial practice,the process disorder of settling the illicit money and goods is common occurrence,the returning of the lawful property to the victims in advance and the operation of settling the illicit money and goods of ownerless are with large randomness.The high cost for identifying the illicit money and goods issues in excessive financial pressure on public security organs.The storage space for stolen goods is limited,producing problems in the judicial practice of keeping the illicit money and goods.These problems have connection with'heavy expense of procedures'in China,lacking of clear legislative provisions,less funding and without clear division of labor in judicial branch and other factors.Based on this,to regulate the solusion of the illicit money and goods,the following principles should be followed.First,the subject must be determined by law as a principle.Secondly,the court has the final disposal right of settling the illicit money and goods.Thirdly,the investigative organs should follow the procedures set before hand.Fourthly,the court should exercise judicial review.Fifthly,stakeholders may participate in the proceedings.Sixthly,pursue the original mainly and except to the restitution Seventhly,it is the main adoption to return the illicit money and goods to the victim,with some exception to turn them over to the state treasury.