泡沫铝塑性成形加工技术研究

Research on plastic forming process of foam aluminum material

针对泡沫铝塑性加工问题,分析了泡沫铝室温单向压缩和单向拉伸状态下的塑性变形和微观组织演变机制,研究了在室温和高温状态下泡沫铝的塑性成形。结果表明,泡沫铝冷成形受零件复杂程度、孔洞组织结构、极限变形程度限制,只能进行一些简单的整体成形和局部的塑性成形;高温有利于泡沫铝的成形,且不破坏泡沫铝的结构。高温降低了泡沫铝的屈服应力,减小了变形限制,从而使变形易于进行;温度控制是泡沫铝高温成形过程中的重要影响因素,对TiH2发泡的泡沫铝结构件进行成形加工,加工温度必须保持在固相线温度以下,以免破坏孔结构。

The evolution mechanism of plastic deformation and microstructure of form aluminum have been analyzed. For analyzing the same, the form aluminum materials were deformed both at room temperature and high temperature, and the materials were compressed and stretched at a single direction. The results show that the foam aluminum can only be deformed in some simple integrated forming or part forming at room temperature, because it is restricted by the formed parts＇ complexity, porosity and deforming limitation of the foam aluminum at low temperature. High temperature benefit the forming of foam aluminum and does not damage the structure of foam aluminum. High temperature reduces the yield stress of foam aluminum, so lowers the deforming limitation and make its deforming easier. The tem- perature controlling is an important factor for foam aluminum at high temperature forming. The deforming temperature of Till2 foam aluminum materials must be controled lower than its solidus to avoid destroying pore structure.