专业化、多样化与旅游业发展——基于中国当前统计数据的实证分析

Specialization,Diversification and Tourism Development:An Empirical Research Based on Chinese Current Statistical Data

与以往研究产业聚集对产业发展影响的文献不同,本文着眼于旅游产业这一单一产业,基于旅游产业的特点,根据中国当前旅游统计现状,借助有关旅游统计数据,构建了衡量旅游产业专业化和多样化的指标,并引入有关控制变量,实证检验了旅游产业专业化和多样化对旅游产业发展的作用及机制。本文研究发现:在总量上,旅游产业多样化促进了旅游产业的发展,显示了Jacobs外部性在旅游产业发展中的作用,旅游产业专业化的效应则不明显;而关于旅游产业专业化和多样化作用机制的分析表明,专业化和多样化均能促进旅游产业要素效率的提升,这也成为旅游产业聚集所产生的外部性的具体作用载体和路径机制。上述结论不仅可以使我们从更为具体的实际作用层面上理解旅游产业聚集效应的作用过程,而且彰显了基于旅游产业聚集的系列政策含义。

Different from existing literatures about industrial agglomeration and its development,this paper analyzes the single industry of tourism.Based on the special characteristics of tourism industry,we establish tourism industry specialization index and diversification index according to Chinese tourism statistical data.And then,this paper analyzes the relationship and mechanism between tourism development and tourism specialization and diversification.We find that tourism diversification has positive effect on tourism development,and the result shows the effect of Jacobs externality in tourism development,but the effect of MAR is not significant.Furthermore,we analyze the mechanism of tourism specialization and diversification,and the results show that both specialization and diversification can improve the productivity of tourism production factors significantly.These conclusions not only indicate the specific path of tourism agglomeration,but also reveal some policy directions.