艾滋病医学营养治疗

Medical nutrition treatment for people living with HIV/AIDS.

营养不良是导致人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者和艾滋病患者出现不良预后的重要因素,国内一些研究证据发现,营养不良在HIV感染者和艾滋病患者中普遍存在。对接受抗病毒治疗的患者,都应定期对其进行常规营养不良筛查,以早期发现营养不良。营养咨询是医学营养治疗的基础,可有效促进蛋白质和热量摄入达到标准。对于经咨询后经口摄入仍不能达标的患者,应首先给予肠内营养支持。血脂是接受艾滋病抗病毒治疗(ART)患者需要长期关注的问题,对于脂代谢异常者,应首先考虑调整膳食结构。总之,营养不良已经成为中国HIV感染者和艾滋病患者面临的主要挑战。现有各种艾滋病关怀项目应重视患者的热量和蛋白质摄入问题。应将医学营养治疗纳入国家和社区艾滋病治疗指南的一部分。

Malnutrition, a major factor for poor prognosis, has been found to be prevalent in AIDS patients or people living with HIV/AIDS （PLWHA） by some domestic studies. For patients undergoing anti-retroviral treatment （ART）, routinal screening of malnutrition should be performed so as to identify the condition at an early stage. Nutrition counseling lays fundamental to medical nutrition treatment （MNT） and appears effective in promo- ting calorie/protein intake to meet daily standards. For those whose calorie/protein intake can not reach the stand- ards after nutrition counseling, enteral nutrition （EA） should be given as a first-fine option. Blood lipids should be monitored for those who are receiving ART. Dyslipidemia can be addressed by adjustment of dietary structure. In conclusion,malnutrition has been a major challenge for PLWHA in China. Calorie and protein intake should be a focus in HIV/AIDS caring programs. Furthermore, MNT should be incorporated in national or community guide- lines for treatment of HIV/AIDS.