制度政治学研究中的相关问题

Related Issues of Study on Institutional Political Science

制度政治学以政治制度及其构成和运行为研究对象。作为超越现实人的具体经济、文化和社会生活之上的、表现为高尚的公共生活的政治生活是由微观、中观和宏观三个层面构成的完整体系。处于中观层面的、起着中介和联结作用的政治制度则是其中不可或缺的部分。虽然政治制度是隐性的、不可触摸的,但是,以政治组织为载体的政治规则、规范、策略及其连锁关系却是引导和约束人们展开政治行动,影响和决定政治共同体生存、运行和发展的重要架构和资源。以嵌套的方式表现的、在不同层面上存在和发挥作用的规则——规范——策略及其连锁关系,依其功能决定着政治体制,创造着促使政治体制运行的机制,并规定着政治行为主体的行动。政治规则、规范、策略及其连锁关系与外部环境中经济、文化、民生社会因素的矛盾,政治规范、规则、策略内部的差异和矛盾,特别是有关政治人本性假定的改变,所有这些则是政治制度变迁的动力所在。

Research subject of institutional political science is the components and operation of political system.Political life that transcends specific economic,cultural and social life and represents the characteristics of noble public life is a complete system,consisting of microscopic,mesoscopic and macroscopic levels.At the mesoscopic level,political system plays the role of medium and linkage,which is an indispensable part.Though political system is intangible,the political rules,norms,strategies and their relations can guide and constrain the political actions of people,and influence and determine the important structures and resources of the existence,operation and development of political community.Rules—specification—strategy and their relation that exist in different levels determines political system,create mechanism that promote the operation of political system and specifies the actions of political agents.The contradiction among political rules,norms,strategies and their relations and economic,cultural and livelihood factors of the external environment,the internal difference and contradiction of political rules,norms,and strategies,and the change of political assumption of human nature are the driving force for the changes of political system.Evolution of the political system including innovation of political system and change of political system is not arbitrary,of which the ways and path are affected and regulated by some certain factors.