广东省疾病预防控制机构2009年流感大流行应急准备与响应研究

Research on emergency preparedness and response to 2009 influenza pandemic in centres for disease control and prevention in Guangdong Province.

目的通过对广东省疾病预防控制(疾控)机构2009年流感大流行应急准备与响应情况进行分析,为广东省提高应急准备与响应水平提供依据。方法 2009年3月通过问卷对各级疾控机构流感大流行应急准备情况进行调查,调查主要包括5部分内容:应急组织体系、应急信息平台/流感网络建设、应急物资储备、应急队伍建设、应急资源调度情况/流感病毒检测能力。2009年12月通过现场调查、电话访问等方法对各级疾控机构2009年流感大流行应急响应情况进行快速评估。结果广东省共调查124家疾控中心,其中省级1家、市级21家、县(区)级102家。截止到2008年12月31日,70.2%(87/124)同级卫生行政部门成立了本辖区流感大流行应对领导小组;77.4%(96/124)的疾控中心的同级卫生行政部门建立了突发公共卫生事件应急处理专家库/组;98.4%(122/124)的疾控中心设置有专人负责与应急指挥部(中心)的信息联络工作;全省各级疾控中心均配置了应对突发公共卫生事件处理的流行病学调查人员、实验室检测人员和消杀人员。市级疾控中心具备流感快速诊断试剂盒检测、流感病毒核酸快速检测和流感病毒分离鉴定能力的比例分别为90.5%(19/21)、85.7%(18/21)和47.6%(10/21);县(区)级疾控中心仅66.7%(68/102)具有采集鼻咽拭子标本的能力,11.8%(12/102)具有流感快速诊断试剂盒检测能力。省级、4.8%(1/21)的市级、13.7%(14/102)的县(区)级疾控中心或同级卫生行政部门有抗流感病毒药物储备。从2009年5月起,将18家市级疾控中心新纳入国家流感监测网络实验室,18个市的19家医院新纳入国家流感监测哨点医院。省财政安排资金给14家经济欠发达地级市的疾控中心装备了实验室装备1套;在全省组织举办甲型H1N1流感各类防控知识培训班4期。结论广东省各级疾控机构在2009年流感大流行前已具备一定的应对能力,发生流感大流行后及时对薄弱部位如应急物资储备、应急队伍及流感检测能力等方面进行有针对性的提高,保证了甲流防控工作的顺利开展。

Objective To investigate emergency preparedness and response to 2009 influenza pandemic in centres for disease control and prevention（CDCs） in Guangdong Province（GD） and provide evidence for further improvement. Methods Emergency preparedness for influenza pandemic at all levels of CDCs were surveyed by specified questionnaires in March 2009.The survey contents included organizational system,emergency information platform/influenza surveillance network,emergency material reserve,emergency team building,and emergency resource scheduling/influenza virus testing capability.Emergency responses were assessed by field investigation and telephone interview in December 2009. Results A total of 124 CDCs were surveyed in GD,including 1 provincial,21 municipal and 102 county-level CDCs.As of December 31,2008,70.2%（87/124）of CDCs＇ health authorizations at the same level have established the local ＂Leading group for tackling influenza pandemic＂ and 77.4%（96/124）of which have set up ＂Public Health Emergency Processing Expert Database＂.98.4%（122/124）of CDCs have appointed responsible persons for contacting with emergency headquarters.All CDCs were staffed with epidemiological survey,laboratory testing,disinfection and vector control professionals.There were 90.5%（19/21）,85.7%（18/21）and 47.6%（10/21） of municipal-level CDCs with the ability of quick reagent test,nucleic acid test,isolation and differentiation of influenza virus,respectively.Only 66.7%（68/102）of county-level CDCs could collected nasopharyngeal swab specimens and 11.8%（12/102）of which could test specimens by quick flu diagnostic reagent kit.Provincial-level CDC,4.8 %（1/21）municipal-level CDCs and 13.7 %（14/102）county-level CDCs or corresponding health authorizations have built up stocks of anti-influenza virus drug.From May 2009,18 municipal-level CDCs newly joined the national influenza surveillance network laboratories and 19 hospitals in 18 cities newly became the national influenza surveillance network hospitals.Provincial financial department allocated funds for 14 municipal-level CDCs in economic low-developed area with a set of laboratory equipment.Four training courses on various types of knowledge of H1N1 prevention and control were held in the province. Conclusion A certain emergency response capacity has been established in all-level CDCs in GD before 2009 influenza pandemic.Targeted measurements have been taken to strengthen the weak location in emergency material reserve,emergency team building and influenza virus testing capability since the pandemic began to insure the control and prevention of H1N1 influenza pandemic smoothly.