2005—2009年广东省水痘流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of varicella in Guangdong Province,2005-2009

目的分析2005—2009年广东省水痘报告发病资料,为开展预防控制工作提供参考依据。方法对2005—2009年广东省报告的水痘病例及水痘暴发报告数据,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2005—2009年广东省共报告水痘病例106 894例,死亡1例,5年的病例数分别为10 8541、6 287、24 747、27 931和27 075例,发病率在12.15/10万～29.90/10万之间,2005年报告发病率最低,2008年最高。1～5月病例为60 206例(占56.32%),12月病例为13 306例(占12.45%);广州、深圳、佛山、中山、韶关等5市病例数占全省总病例数的90.72%;<15岁病例占报告病例总数的78.37%;5年报告病例中,学生占48.89%,幼托儿童占19.90%,散居儿童占18.88%。5年间共报告水痘暴发疫情279起(其中2005年无报告水痘暴发疫情),病例7 853例,98.22%的暴发发生在学校(274起),其中乡小学发生129起,占学校暴发数的47.08%。暴发疫情集中在3—5月和11—12月,分别占总数的49.82%、32.26%,暴发疫情规模最少的为10例,最多的为146例,病例数<50例的疫情254起,占91.04%。结论广东省水痘发病高峰在冬春季,病例主要集中在珠江三角洲地区,发病人群以<15岁青少年为主,乡村小学是水痘暴发发生的重要场所,大部分水痘暴发疫情规模<50例病例。在儿童中开展含水痘疫苗的常规预防接种是控制水痘疫情最有效的手段。

Objective To investigate the incidence of varicella in Guangdong Province during 2005—2009 and provide the scientific evidence for the prevention and control of varicella. Methods The data of varicella cases and outbreaks reported during 2005—2009 in Guangdong were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology. Results A total of 106 894 varicella cases were reported in 2005—2009（10 854,16 287,24 747,27 931 and 27 075 respectively）.The incident rates in 2005—2009 were among 12.15 per 100 000 and 29.90 per 100 000,with the lowest in 2005 and highest in 2008.A total of 60 206 cases in January-May occupied the whole five-year cases of 56.32 percent and the total of 13 306 in December 12.45 percent.The total of cases in five cities（Guangzhou,Shenzhen,Foshan,Zhongshan and Shaoguan） occupied 90.72 percent of the whole five-year＇s cases.Among the whole five-year＇s cases,48.89 percent were students,19.90 percent children in kindergarten,18.88 percent scattered inhabiting children,while 78.37 percent were patients aged less than 15 years.A total of 279 outbreaks of varicella were reported in 2006—2009,and most outbreaks（98.22 percent） occurred in schools.The outbreaks in rural primary schools took up 47.08 percent of the whole schools＇ outbreaks.The outbreaks happened more likely in March-May and November-December.The number of cases in an outbreak ranged from 10 to 146.The outbreaks with cases less than 50 took up 91.04 percent of the whole outbreak＇s total. Conclusion Varicella in Guangdong had obvious epidemic peak during seasons of winter and spring,and was prone to occur among the people aged less than 15 years.The varicella outbreaks occurred mostly in rural primary schools.Most of outbreaks of varicella had less than 50 cases.Routine vaccination among children might be an effective way for the prevention and control of varicella.