广州市239名外资企业员工心理健康状况调查分析

Mental health status of 239 foreign employees in Guangzhou

目的了解外资企业员工心理健康状况及影响因素,为改善外资企业员工心理健康状况和更好地开展心理健康教育及干预工作提供参考依据。方法采用症状自评量表SCL-90对广州经济技术开发区2家外资企业员工进行心理健康状况测评,并与全国常模进行对比,采用t检验、方差分析比较不同性别、年龄、文化程度的员工心理状况,应用逐步多元线性回归方法对心理健康影响因素进行多因素分析。结果共发放问卷250份,收回有效问卷239份,有效率为95.6%。其中男女分别为73、166人;平均年龄为(29.11±3.75)岁;初中及以下占49.0%,高中及中专占19.7%,大专及以上占31.4%。239名外企员工SCL-90总分为(138.29±43.41)分,总均分、躯体化症状、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、精神病性因子得分都比全国成人常模高(P<0.05),总分超过160分的有57人,占23.9%,阳性项目超过43项的有63人,占26.3%。中度及以上心理问题、需要心理干预的员工17人,占7.1%。逐步多元线性回归分析结果显示,文化程度是SCL-90量表总均分及强迫、焦虑、偏执、精神病性因子的影响因素(P<0.05),学历越高总均分及4个因子得分越高,偏回归系数分别为0.076、0.119、0.112、0.113、0.119,男性躯体化因子得分比女性高(偏回归系数为-0.160,P<0.05)。结论受调查的外资企业员工有心理问题的现象比较普遍,心理健康水平偏低,文化程度是心理健康的重要影响因素。

Objective To explore the mental health status and related influencing factors of foreign employees in order to provide reference bases for improving their mental health and for effective mental health education and intervention. Methods Mental health symptoms of employees in two foreign-funded enterprises were measured using the Symptom Checklist-90（SCL-90） in Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone.The results were compared with the national norm.The key individual characteristics of gender,age,and education were evaluated the influences on mental health by t-test,variance analysis and stepwise multiple linear regression method. Results A total of 250 questionnaires were send to employees,and 239 valid questionnaires were collected with an effective rate of 95.6%.73 of responders were men and 166 were women.The mean age was 29.11 ± 3.75 years;49.0% of employees received education below middle school,19.7% in high school or secondary school,31.4% in college or above.Total score of SCL-90 is 138.29±43.41.The total average scale,somatization,depression,anxiety,hostility,phobia,and psychotism were significantly higher than the national adult norm（P0.05）.57（23.9%） of total scores were above 160,and 63（26.3%） were more than 43 positive items;17（7.1%） employees with psychologically disorder were in moderate degree and need psychological intervention.Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that education level was the significant factor of total average scale and obsession,anxiety,paranoia,psychotism（partial regression coefficient： 0.076,0.119,0.112,0.113,and 0.119,P0.05）.The scores were higher for the employees with higher education.And gender was related to somatization,the men＇s score was higher than women＇s（partial regression coefficient：-0.160,P0.05）. Conclusion Foreign employees with psychological disorder in our study is prevalent,and the education level is the key factor influencing individual characteristics on mental health.