汉初工商管理制度与私营工商业的发展

On the Industrial and Commercial Institution and the Development of the Privately Owned Industrial and Commercial Enterprises in the Early Stage of Han Dynasty

汉初"无为而治"的治国思想反映在工商业领域则是自由放任,这一政策极大地促进了汉初私营工商业的发展,具体表现在四个方面:经营种类丰富,几乎遍及当时所有行业;在私营工商业中不仅存在着可与官营工商业相媲美的大企业,也有遍及各地的小作坊、小商铺;无论从生产技术水平,还是销售方法上来看,汉初私营工商业都达到了较高水平;从事工商业的人数增多。汉初私营工商业达到了中国古代私营工商业发展史上的一个高峰。

During the early stage of Han Dynasty,the policy ＂governing by doing nothing that goes against nature＂ allows little limitation in industrial and commercial field.It makes great promotion to the development of the privately owned industrial and commercial enterprises.It shows in four aspects： The types are so abundant nearly as to spread all trades at that time;No matter from the technological level of production or marketing methods,it reaches more high-level;There are big privately owned industrial and commercial enterprises that could compare perfectly with those run by the government while there are small workshops and retail shops which spread all parts;The number of people increases.In a word,the development of the privately owned industrial and commercial enterprises in the early stage of Han Dynasty is at one peak during the whole Chinese history.