公司章程和小股东保护——来自累积投票条款的实证检验

本文通过理论分析发现,公司章程是一种非常有效的小股东自我保护机制,小股东可以通过影响公司章程条款的方式来增进自身的福利。以表决权自我救济为例,小股东如果能够通过自主谈判将累积投票条款设置进公司章程,就可以在没有违背多数表决有效原则的情况下,将有限多次的分散投票聚拢为一次性的集中投票,增加所推人选进入董事会的概率,从而使得内部人对公司的控制力相对下降,公司被恶意掏空的可能性也相应变小。实证结果也显示,2003～2008年期间,自主在公司章程中设置累积投票条款的A股公司,发生内部人占用资金的情况显著偏少,实证结果还显示,小股东在公司章程中进行的表决权自我救济,可以在很大程度上替代法律法规的外部救济。高质量披露的财务报告信息,则可以进一步强化这种替代作用。

This paper shows that corporate charter is a very effective mechanism for self-protection of minority shareholders, and they can increase the protection level by amendments changed such as strengthening the remedy of minority shareholders＇ voting right from cumulative voting amendments. The empirical result,from 2003 to 2008, shows that the charter with cumulative voting amendment can effectively prevent the insiders seeking private benefits. And also the self-relief of voting rights for minority shareholders in the corporate charter can largely replace the external relief of laws and regulations. Therefore, the higher quality of financial reports disclosure, the more obviously alternative relation.