水肥配合对夏玉米养分吸收及根系活性的影响

Effects of Water and Fertilizer Cooperation on Plant Nutrient Accumulation and Root Activity of Summer Maize

研究不同水肥条件对夏玉米养分吸收及根系活性的影响,解释水肥配合下夏玉米养分吸收规律和根系活跃吸收面积的变化特征。采用管栽试验,研究不同水肥条件对夏玉米不同生育期养分积累特征和根系吸收面积的影响。夏玉米干物质积累量与植株全量N、K的积累量变化趋势基本一致,植株内全量N、K积累量以拔节-大喇叭口阶段最多,P素积累主要集中于抽雄-成熟阶段。不同生育期根系活跃吸收面积与总吸收面积变化均呈单峰式曲线,峰值分别出现在大喇叭口期和抽雄期。在玉米生长季水肥充足条件下,根系活跃吸收面积对植物体内干物质和养分的积累起主导作用。施肥促进了根系活跃吸收能力,养分吸收积累量增多;生育期灌水也能促进根系生长和对养分的吸收。不同生育时期均以W2F1处理的干物质量和N、P、K积累量最高。

In order to explain the variation of nutrients adsorption and root absorbing area of maize with water and fertilizer,the effects of water and fertilizer cooperation on nutrients adsorption and root activity of summer maize were studied.The PVC pipes cultivation was used to study the effects of water and fertilizer on N,P,and K adsorption and root absorbing areas at different stages.The result showed that the changing trend of dry matter accumulation and nitrogen and potassium accumulations of maize was similar.The highest plant nitrogen and potassium cummulation amounts were appeared from shooting stage to spike formation stage.And the phosphorus accumulation was mainly expressed from tasseling stage to maturation period.The variation of root active absorbing area and total absorbing area in different growing stages was all assumed unimodal curve,and the peak values were presented in spike formation stage and tasseling stage.The root active absorbing area was the dominated factor to the accumulation of plant dry matter and nutrients under sufficient water and fertilizer conditions in maize growing season.Fertilizer application promoted the root active absorbing ability,accelerated the nutrients accumulation.Irrigation in growing stage could promote root growing and absorbing nutrients.In this trial W2F1 treatment had the highest accumulation amounts of dry matter and nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium nutrients in different maize growing stages.