决策点提示对于促进走楼梯的效果评价研究

Evaluation on the effect of Point of Decision Prompt to increase the use of stairs

目的 评价决策点提示在中国大学宿舍楼促进大学生走楼梯的效果.方法 采用观察法在干预前1周（阶段Ⅰ）、干预第1周（阶段Ⅱ）和干预第4周（阶段Ⅲ）3个阶段记录A楼（实施干预的楼）和B楼（未实施干预的楼）的楼梯、电梯人次数及其特征,并在A楼发放主观问卷评价干预效果.结果 A楼第Ⅱ阶段和第Ⅲ阶段的楼梯使用率分别为37.5%和35.4%,均比第Ⅰ阶段的楼梯使用率（34.3%）有所增加,并且这种增加具有统计学意义.而B楼的楼梯使用率变化不显著.楼梯使用率的变化在不同性别、不同的上下行方向以及不同时间（工作日或周末）而有所不同.主观调查显示,看到决策点提示的人中有26.4%报告走楼梯频次增加了,通过logistic回归发现女性（OR=8.78,95%CI：3.23～23.87,deff=1.24）和低楼层居住者（OR=2.78,95%CI：1.28～6.06,deff=1.38）更有可能增加走楼梯的频次.结论 在大学宿舍楼设置鼓励走楼梯的决策点提示可以有效促进大学生走楼梯.

Objective To evaluate whether Point of Decision Prompt （PDP） could effectively increase the use of stairs in the Chinese university dormitory buildings.Methods Number and certain features of students who used stairs and lifts were respectively recorded through observation in both buildings A （intervened） and building B （not intervened） simultaneously one week before the intervention （stage Ⅰ）,the first week after the intervention （stage Ⅱ） and the fourth week after the intervention （stage Ⅲ）.Self-questionnaires were also used to evaluate the effect of the intervention program in building A.Results According to the observation,the overall stair-use in building A increased from 34.3% in stage Ⅰ to 37.5% （P〈0.05,compared with stage Ⅰ） in stage Ⅱ and dropped to 35.4% （P〈0.05,compared with stage Ⅰ） in stage Ⅲ.In contrast,the change in the overall stair-use in building B between these three stages was not statistically significant.The change of the stair-use varied with different sexes,different directions （up or down） and different days （weekday or weekend）.Data from the questionnaires showed that 97.3% of the students being surveyed reported that they had noticed the PDPs and 26.4% of whom reported that they had increased the frequency of stair-use.Results from the logistic analysis of the questionnaire showed that girls （OR=8.78,95% CI：3.23-23.87,deff= 1.24） and those who lived under the fifth floor （OR=2.78,95%CI：1.28-6.06,deff= 1.38） were more inclined to increase the stair-use.Conclusion PDP could effectively increase the frequency of stair-use in the Chinese university dormitory buildings.