中国新型农村社会养老保险的社会包容特征:解释框架

Characteristics of Social Inclusion in the Pilot Projects of New Type Old-age Insurance System for Rural Residents in China:Interpreting Frame

"包容性增长"概念的提出使得国际通用价值和社会政策之间有了新的对话基础。我国目前开展的新型农村社会养老保险即有着积极的包容性特征:新农保标志着中国现代社会保险制度开始包容一个重要的社会核心群体——农民;启动了以公民权利和"去商品化"为有机内涵的福利体系建构进程;对农村老年女性群体具有更明显的保障与补偿功能;呈现从群体包容到体制包容的趋向。农民参与率、财政转支率、收入替代率、城乡级差率四个维度可以用来衡量新型农村社会养老保险的包容程度。目前新农保仍属于初级包容,包容的程度与水平仍有待提高;而推进包容性发展的关键在于进一步树立和明晰以公民权利为基础的包容理念、改革诉求表达和利益分配机制。

This paper introduces the theoretical substances and policy practices of social inclusion.It also descriptively analyzes some positive social inclusion characteristics and the four major dimensions of the new old-age insurance system for rural residents in China,including：insurance participation rate,financial transference rate,income replacement rate and urban-rural benefit differential ratio.In conclusion,the new insurance system,which has a positive social inclusiveness,indicates a beginning of social inclusion policy.According to the analysis of the four dimensions,this new system is still in an early stage and its levels of inclusiveness and extensiveness need to be raised.However,the key factors for promoting the development of social inclusion include the articulation and establishment of the citizenship-based concepts of inclusion,and the reformation of systems for need expression and benefit distribution.