区域生存意识、功利性思想与汉唐海神信仰的演变

Regional Survival Consciousness,Utilitarian Value and Evolution of Poseidon in the Period of Han and Tang Dynasties

海神信仰不仅是人类社会特定阶段对神灵恐惧与迷信的文化表现,也是一定区域内民众应对海洋灾难时的能动性反应,其直接表现为一种生存意识与精神支撑。尤其在海洋防灾技术相对落后的古代社会,伴随着沿海开发与海外交流的日渐增多,海洋灾害与海难频发。为消弭海上灾难所带来的负面影响,护佑海洋、驱灾避难的海神成为航海者与民众心中的精神力量与安全保障,也成为统治者获得海洋政治经济利益的现实需求。正是在海洋生存意识与功利价值思想的双重作用下,汉唐时期的海神信仰出现巨大转变:一是由汉晋时期的备受冷落到隋唐五代的尊王封帝,地位倍受尊崇;二是本土的民间信仰与佛教、伊斯兰教等宗教观念一起,在唐代以后逐步形成多元化格局。

The faith of Poseidon is not only a particular stage of human society as the cultural expressions of fear and superstition,but also the people＇s survival awareness and spiritual support in a certain region in response to the marine disaster.Therefore,in the dual role of ideology of the marine survival of consciousness and utilitarian value,the status and types of Poseidon appears great changes in the period of Han and Tang Dynasties.The status continuously improve.As Buddhism,Islam into China one after another,some religious ideas and beliefs of China＇s traditional folk goddess of the sea,which together with the initial formation form a diversified pattern.