丰林自然保护区腐殖质层真菌组成和分布

Composition and Distributions of Fungal Communities in Humus Layer in Fenglin Natural Reserve,Xiaoxing'an Mountains

对小兴安岭丰林自然保护区白桦红松林、椴树红松林、枫桦红松林、云冷杉红松林、红松纯林5种林型的腐殖质层真菌进行取样调查。采用稀释平板法,选用马铃薯琼脂(PDA)和孟加拉红(RBC)培养基分别进行真菌的分离,并用马铃薯琼脂培养基进行纯化培养,共得到926个真菌菌落,进一步分离、纯化后得67个真菌菌株。分别采用麦芽汁琼脂(MEA)、查氏琼脂(CZA)、马铃薯蔗糖琼脂(PSA)培养基进行不同属真菌的培养和鉴定,共鉴定出27属、61种真菌。结果表明:青霉属(Penicillium)、木霉属(Trichoderma)为小兴安岭森林腐殖质真菌的优势种群;椴树红松林、枫桦红松林和白桦红松林腐殖质层真菌数量和种类明显多于其余2种林型;不同月份之间腐殖质中可培养真菌种类和数量具有一定差异,7月份属和种的数量最多。

Fungi in humus layer were sampled in five different types of forests in Fenglin Nature Reserve of Xiaoxing＇anling from May to September in 2009.A total of 125 samples were collected by the zigzag route.The fungi were separated and purified with PDA and RBC culture media by the dilution plate method.A total of 65 strains were obtained after the separation and purification of 926 fungal colonies.The 65 strains were identified by Malt extract agar（MEA）,Czapek Agar（CA）,potato dextrose agar（PSA） culture media respectively.A total of 61 species were identified belonging to 27 genera.Results show that Penicillium and Trichoderma are dominant genera in the humus layer in the forests in Fenglin Nature Reserve.The species and quantity of fungi isolated from linden-Korean pine forest,birch-Korean pine forest and Ribbed birch-Korean pine forest are much more than those from the other two.The species and quantity in different months are different,which are the most in July.