市场化改革中的大学毕业生性别工资差异及歧视

Gender Wage Gaps and Discrimination for College Graduates during the Market-Oriented Reform

以往文献认为,市场机制的完善会逐渐消除劳动力市场性别歧视,然而本文发现这一结论并不适用于大学毕业生劳动力市场。通过考察在不同市场化程度企业工作的河北省2007届大学毕业生样本发现,随着我国市场化进程的深入,大学毕业生性别工资差异明显扩大,而且歧视尤其是反向歧视比重也在加剧。本文认为,大学毕业生劳动力市场受传统文化影响程度还远远大于市场竞争作用的发挥。因此,加大市场竞争才能逐步消除劳动力市场的性别歧视因素。

Previous literatures believe that the strengthening of market mechanism will diminish the gender wage gaps while we find that it does not apply to the current labor market of college graduates. By analyzing samples of college students graduated in 2007 from Hebei Province working in firms with different degrees of marketization, it can be drawn out that not only the gender wage gap is getting larger, but also the discrimination portion, especially the reverse discrimination is enlarging. We believe that, the impact of traditional culture on labor market of college graduates is much larger than that of market competitiveness. Therefore, only through the enhancing of competition will we eventually reduce the gender discrimination.