金坛市小学生膳食健康教育干预效果评价

Effects of health education on Chinese Dietary Guidelines and relative nutritional knowledge,attitude and behavior among primary school students in Jintan city

目的通过健康教育,提高江苏省金坛市小学生《中国居民膳食指南(2007)》相关知识、态度、行为水平,培养小学生的良好饮食习惯。方法选取金坛市2所小学307名五年级学生为调查对象,对其进行膳食指南相关营养知识、态度、行为调查,选择其中1所学校为干预学校,进行相关营养知识健康教育,另1所学校作为对照,3个月后对干预效果进行评价。结果干预学校学生基线调查和终期调查营养知识得分分别为(4.51±2.32)、(9.82±2.65)分,差异有统计学意义(t=-28.74,P<0.05);对照学校学生基线调查和终期调查营养知识得分分别为(5.18±1.98)、(5.86±1.75)分,差异无统计学意义;干预学校小学生健康教育干预后的营养知识明显提高,饮食行为趋于合理,听说过膳食指南的学生由15.5%(17/109)提高到84.4%(92/109)(2χ=103.21,P<0.05),每天吃早餐的学生由59.8%(65/109)上升到72.5%(79/109)(2χ=4.01,P=0.045),每周不吃膨化食品的学生由16.5%(18/109)上升到35.7%(39/109)(2χ=10.48,P=0.001),差异均有统计学意义。结论营养健康教育可提高小学生的营养知识水平,改善其饮食理念和饮食行为。

Objective To improve knowledge,attitude,practice（KAP） of dietary nutrition among primary school students through health education.Methods A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among 307 students of grade 5 in 2 primary schools in Jintan city,Jiangsu province.The students in one school were given health education on the Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2007 for 3 months and the other school was taken as control group.The effect was evaluated 3 months after the education.Results After the education,the nutritional knowledge of the students improved significantly and their dietary behavior became more reasonable.The students who learnd the Chinese Dietary Guidelines rised from 15.5%（17/109） to 84.4%（92/109）（χ^2=103.21,P0.05） and the percentage of the students having breakfast everyday increased from 59.8%（65/109） to 72.5%（79/109）（χ^2=4.01,P0.05）.Conclusion Nutrition education can improve the nutritional knowledge and dietary behavior among primary school students.