中国居民四项健康指标地区差异分析

Regional Differences of the Four Health Indicators in Chinese Residents

目的了解中国居民健康状况四项指标的地区分布差异。方法以2008年国家卫生服务调查的94个县(市、区)数据为基础,分别采用卡方检验、差异指数和地理分布图分析两周患病率、严重伤害发生率、慢性病患病率、循环系统慢性病患病率的地区差异。结果中国居民健康四项指标的城乡和地域区划差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),城市居民除严重伤害发生率外,其余三项指标均高于农村居民,华北、东北和华东患病水平相对较高;城市居民两周患病率(ID=0.13)均衡性较差,农村居民循环系统慢性病患病率(ID=0.11)较不均衡,西北地区的各指标ID较小且分布均匀;地图显示西南地区各项指标的分布很不均匀。结论中国居民健康状况四项指标存在地区差异,有助于了解各地区卫生服务需要实际情况,为卫生相关部门制定政策提供依据。

Objective To analyze the regional differences of four key health indicators for health status of Chinese residents. Methods The Chi-square test, index of difference （ID） and geographical distribution map were used to analyze regional difference of four key indicators of health status based on the data from the Analysis Report of 2008 National Health Services Survey in China. The four indicators included two-week prevalence rate, the incidence of serious injury, prevalence rate of chronic diseases and prevalence rate of chronic circulatory system diseases. Results There were significant differences of four health indicators between urban and rural residents, and between regional divisions （P〈0.01）. The levels of other three health indicators of urban residents were higher than those in rural residents except for the incidence of serious injury, the prevalence rates were relatively higher in North, Northeast and East China; the balance of the two-week prevalence rate （ID=0.13） was poor in urban residents, while the uniformity of the prevalence rate of chronic circulatory system diseases （ID=0.11） was imbalance in rural residents, the IDs of four indexes were generally smaller in Northwest; the map of geographical distribution showed that the color of tile indicators in Southwest was obvious nonuniformity. Conclusion The health status of Chinese residents exist regional differences. It is helpful to understand the actual needs for regional heahh services and provides basis for the health administration to draw up the related health policy reasonably.