创业团队、正式结构与新企业绩效

Founding Team,Formal Structure,and New Ventures Performance

利用天津市9个科技企业孵化器中98家成立3年以内的新企业调查数据,采用层级回归模型,探讨创业者在初创期是否应将宝贵资源投入于组织结构建设。突破以往按照有无组织结构或机械/有机结构的简单分类,检验正式组织结构的两个关键属性(角色规范性和职能专业化)对新企业绩效的影响,并考察创业团队特征能否解释新企业之间在初始组织结构形态上的差异。实证结果表明,角色规范性显著负向影响新企业绩效,职能专业化对新企业绩效有积极促进作用。同时,创业团队组成特征中只有产业经验异质性显著影响新企业的角色规范性和职能专业化,性别和年龄异质性只是有助于角色规范性,职能经验异质性则与两个组织结构特征均无显著相关关系。

Based on data of 98 new ventures in 9 technological incubators of Tianjin and using hierarchical regression model,this study discusses the question of whether entrepreneurs should invest invaluable resources into organization structure building.We got beyond the simple classification of organization structure and examined the effect of role formalization and functional specialization which were the two fundamental facets of formal structure on new venture performance.Additionally,we examined the relationship between heterogeneity of founding team and formal structure.Empirical results reveal that role formalization decreases new venture performance.On the other hand,functional specialization increases new venture performance.Meanwhile,heterogeneity of industrial experiences has effect on both facets of formal structure,heterogeneity of sexes and ages only positively influence role formalization,and heterogeneity of functional experiences has no effect on both facets of formal structure.