简论现实主义诗学

On Realist Poetry

现实主义文学的变化和发展既包括现实主义文学的内容和主题等,也包括现实主义文学的形式和手段等。两者息息相关,但又具有自己变化发展的相对独立性。我们这里所称的现实主义诗学,不完全指现实主义理论,也不完全指现实主义美学;它探讨和研究的是现实主义文学的形式和手段等,而不是其内容和主题等。俄国现实主义诗学走过了一个十分复杂曲折的风雨历程,而这个历程又往往同国际文艺思潮的风云变幻和著名的争论紧密相联。

Realist literature experiences changes and developments not only in its content and theme but in its form and means as well. The two aspects are closely related to each other but have relative independence in their changes and developments. What we call realist poetry here does not completely refer to realist theories or to realist aesthetics. What it studies and probes into is the form and means, rather than the content and theme, of realist literature. Russian realist poetry has experienced a very complicated and twisty stormy journey, which tends to be closely linked with the changeable situation and famous debates of the international trends of thought in literature and art.