最高意义上的现实主义——陀思妥耶夫斯基超越的视角及繁复的文本世界

Ultimate Realism——On Dostoevsky's Transcendental Vision and Multi-perceptive Textual World

"最高意义上的现实主义"是陀思妥耶夫斯基对自己创作思想和创作方法的总结性提法。这首先是对"心理学家"等肤浅限定的反驳。其核心是从信仰视角洞悉人的奥秘,勾勒出真实的世界图景,即人身上神性的遮蔽与显露的故事,进而建构出结构恢宏的文本世界。如何界定这一概念成为理解陀氏创作的关键,离开这一超越的视角,很多明晰的问题将难逃复杂和混乱;这也是近年来学界的关注焦点,它成为诸多言说陀氏创作手法的语义场:所有指涉精神现象的艺术手法都在这里得到印证。对此问题的探究成为进入陀氏文本世界的前奏。

＂Realism in an ultimate sense＂ is Dostoevsky＇ s summary of his ideas and methods in his literary creation, which refutes the shallow definition of ＂psychologist＂. It aims at probing into the mystery of human existence and depicting a true image of the world from the perspective of faith, that is, the story of how divinity is both concealed and revealed in man, upon which a grand textual world is constructed. How to define the concept of ＂ultimate realism＂ is a key to understanding Dostoevsky＇ s literary creation. Lack of the transcendental perspective would cause confusion and complexity to many issues. It has also been the focus of attention in the academia in recent years, and has become the semantic field concerning Dostoevsky＇ s literary creation techniques： a testimony to all his artistic devices concerning the spiritual phenomena in his works. An exploration of this problem is a preliminary step to take before getting into Dostoevsky＇ s textual world.