合成氨何以在德国率先实现了产业化?——兼谈我国战略性新兴产业的培育政策取向

Why Did Synthetic Ammonia First Realize Industrialization in Germany?——Also on the Policy Orientation of China's Cultivation for Strategic Emerging Industries

德国巴斯夫公司的合成氨法固氮工程被认为是史上最大的科学事业之一。因合成氨技术既可以用于生产造福人类用的化肥,又可以用来生产杀害人类用的炸药,故其产业化轨迹非同寻常。针对合成氨的产业化这个产业技术发展史上的独特个案进行了多角度的分析讨论,并着重回答了两个问题:合成氨技术何以能快速跨越创新过程中的死亡之谷,并最终实现了产业化?合成氨的产业化给我国培育和发展战略性新兴产业留下了哪些启示?

BASF＇s nitrogen project is considered to be one of the biggest scientific efforts in history.Ammonia synthesis technology could be used to produce both fertilizer that benefit human beings and explosives that killed them.As a result,its track of industrialization seemed even more unusual.This paper concentrates on the special case——industrialization of synthetic ammonia in the technological innovation history,discussed it with multiple perspectives and emphasized to answer two questions： How did synthetic ammonia industry span the valley of death in the innovation process and ultimately come into industrialization,芽 What enlightenment did synthetic ammonia industrialization left us for China＇s cultivating and developing of strategic emerging industries？