小学生社会观点采择能力与同伴接受性关系研究

Study for the social perspective-taking of elementary pupils and its relation to peer acceptance

【目的】了解小学生社会观点采择能力发展水平及社会观点采择能力与同伴接受性的关系,为家长及教育工作者正确引导儿童同伴关系良好发展提供科学依据。【方法】采用随机抽样的方法抽取福田区二所小学共120名儿童。儿童社会观点采择能力的测试采用经过标准化处理的四个观点采择任务故事,同伴接受性采用同伴提名法。【结果】1)小学生社会观点采择能力及其子类型发展趋势一致,一年级小学生社会观点采择能力完成得分均值为(3.45±0.714)分,占满分43.1%,三年级学生社会观点采择能力完成得分均值为(4.22±0.974)分,占满分52.8%,六年级学生社会观点采择能力完成得分均值为(5.93±1.071)分,占满分74.1%;2)小学生的社会观点采择能力不存在性别差异;3)社会观点采择能力与同伴接受性呈正相关。【结论】小学生观点采择能力随着年龄的增长而提高;三年级以上学生"去自我中心"逐渐明显,对他人观点的推断能力逐渐提高;在同龄人中社会观点采择能力越高同伴接受性越好。

【Objective】 To probe the development of social perspective-taking ability of the elementary pupils,and the relationship between social perspective-taking ability and peer acceptance,so that to provide the scientific evidences for the parents and educators to conduct the correct development of peer acceptance of pupils. 【Methods】 120 children in two elementary schools at Futian District were collected randomly.Four standardized stories were used for testing the social perspective-taking ability and peer nomination were used for peer acceptance. 【Results】 1）The development tendency of social perspective-taking ability and its subtype were at equal pace.The full score rate of grade 1,3 and 6 were 43.1%（3.45±0.714）,52.8%（4.22±0.974） and 74.1%（5.93±1.071）.2）The social perspective-taking ability was no sex differences.3）The social perspective-taking ability was positive correlation to the peer acceptances. 【Conclusions】 The social perspective-taking ability grow accompany with age.The de-egocentrism are gradually obviously within the children above grade 3,and also,the ability of conclude the view of others is gradually elevated.The higher the ability of social perspective-taking is,the better of the peer acceptance.