江西常见树种抗火性研究

A Study on Fire-resistance of Mountain Tree Species in Jiangxi

在对江西28种常见树种不同器官理化性状测定分析、燃烧试验和抗火性试验的基础上,应用灰色关联分析法,选择树种的含水率、燃点、热值、粗灰分、粗脂肪、木质素、粗纤维、燃烧时间、火烧强度、树皮厚度、热辐射作用下树皮的质量剩余率和内表面升温速率以及其生物生态学特性等17个指标值作为评价因素,对28种常见树种的抗火性进行综合评价。结果表明:抗火性强的有5种,由强到弱依次是四川山矾、冬青、火力楠、木荷和樟树;抗火性较强的有9种,由强到弱依次是喜树、阴香、大叶樟、苦槠、鹅掌楸、山杜英、油茶、厚皮香、石栎;抗火性一般的有3种,由强到弱依次是加杨、泡桐和圆柏;抗火性较弱的有5种,由强到弱依次是毛竹、龙柏、马尾松、杉木和湿地松;抗火性差的有6种,由强到弱依次是红翅槭、柳杉、雪松、水杉、罗汉松和金钱松。

Twenty-eight mountain tree species from the western suburbs and the northern suburbs of Nanchang were harvested to determine the physical and chemical properties of different organs,for combustion and fire-resistance test.17 factors,namely moisture content,ignition temperature,heat value,ash content,crude fat content,lignin content,crude fiber content,burning time,burning intensity,bark thickness,the remaining rate of the bark quality and the heating rate of the inner bark surface under thermal radiation,and biological and ecological characteristics and so on,were chosen as the evaluation indexes,by using grey relational analysis a comprehensive evaluation of fire-resistance of twenty-eight mountain tree species was conducted.Of the 28 spies,five were of strongest fire-resistance,they were Symplocos setchuancnsis Brand,Ilex purpurea Hassk.,Michelia macclurel,Schima superba Gardn.et Champ.,and Cinnamomum camphora（L.） presI in order.Nine species were of relatively strong fire-resistance,they were Camptotheca acuminata Decne.,Cinnamomum burmannii,Cinnamomum Camphora（Linn） Presd,Castanopsis sclerophylla（Lindl.）Schott.,Liriodendron chinense（Hemsl.） Sarg.,Elaeocarpus sylvestris（Lour.）Pior,Thea Oleosa Lour.（Camellia oleifera Abel.）,Ternstroemia gymnanthera（Wight et Arn.）Sprague,Lithocarpus glaber（Thunb.）Nakai in order.Populus Canadensis Moench.,Paulownia fortunei Hemsl.,and Sabina chinensis（Linn.） Ant.were of common fire-resistance Phyllostachys pubescens,Sabina chinensis cv.kaizuka,Pinus massoniana Lamb.,Cunninghamia lanceojata（Lamb.）Hook.,Pinus elliottii Engelm were of relatively weak fire-resistance.Six species,namely（Acer fabri Hance.,Cryptomeria fortunei Hooibrenk ex Otto et Dietr.,Cedrus deodara（Roxb.）G.Don.,Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et cheng,Podocarpus macrophyllus（Thunb.） D.Don,Pseuxdolarix kaempferi（LindI） Gord.） were of poor fire-resistance.