基于GIS和USLE的朱溪河小流域土壤侵蚀经济损失评估

Estimation of the Economic Losses Caused by Soil Erosion in Zhuxi Small Watershed by GIS and USLE

以朱溪河小流域2007年遥感数据为基础,在GIS技术支持下,利用USLE模型计算该流域土壤侵蚀量,并运用环境经济学理论,计算流域土壤侵蚀造成的养分损失(N、P、K、有机质含量)、水分损失、土地损失、泥沙滞留损失及泥沙淤积损失等5种经济损失总值。结果显示:2007年朱溪河小流域土壤侵蚀总量为42 893.96 t,土壤侵蚀模数达954.047 t/(km2.a),土壤侵蚀的经济损失总值达957.507万元。土壤侵蚀导致流域内土地的年经济损失为21.296 7万元/km2,相当于该县单位面积农副经济年产出的27.33%。土壤侵蚀直接导致流域内土地生产力下降和农业发展受阻。

Based on SPOT remote sensing data of Zhuxi small watershed in 2007,the watershed soil erosion quantities were worked out by using the geographic information system（GIS） and universal soil loss equation（USLE）,and according to tthe basic principles and methods of environment economics,the economic losses were estimated which included soil nutrient loss,water loss,land loss,sediment retention and accumulation etc.The results show that the soil erosion amounts to 42 893.96 t in the studied watershed,and the soil erosion modulus is 954.047 t/（km^2·a）.The total cost of soil erosion is 9 575 070 yuan,which means that the annual economic losses caused by erosion in the watershed is 212 967 yuan/km^2,corresponding to 27.33% of the total local agricultural and sideline output.The research result indicates that soil erosion causes directly the decline of land productivity in the Zhuxi watershed and clogs the agricultural development.