哈尔福德·麦金德的地缘政治思想研究

A Study on the Geopolitical Thought of Halford Mackinder

麦金德的地缘政治思想是在俄、德、美等国强势崛起并奉行咄咄逼人的对外扩张政策的背景下形成的,其核心内容随英国面临的主要威胁的变化而变化,即由1904年的"枢纽地区"到1919年的"心脏地带",再到1943年将"心脏地带"与"陆间大洋"并重。但是,麦金德的地缘政治理论的宗旨是不变的,就是从地理角度谋划维持英国的全球霸权。为论证其地缘战略规划,麦金德不惜随意嫁接乃至曲解历史,导致该理论含有诸多严重缺陷。

Mackinder's geopolitical thought was formulated in the context of the forceful rise and the outward expansion policy of powers such as Russia,Germany,and the United States.Its core content changed according to the changes in the main threats Great Britain faced,as seen in the shifts from 'Pivot Area' in 1904 to 'Heartland' in 1919,and then to co-emphasis of 'Heartland' and 'the Midland Ocean' in 1943.Nevertheless,the purpose of Mackinder's theory—to allow Great Britain to achieve global hegemony geographically—remained unchanged.In order to prove the validity of his geo-strategic conceptions,he irresponsibly pieced together and even distorted historical facts,resulting in numerous faults in his theory.