水稻幼穗形态发生与顶端分生组织的研究

Studies on morphogenesis and shoot apical meristem (SAM) of rudimentary panicle in rice

应用“铸模”扫描电镜法和组织切片技术对水稻幼穗的形态发生过程和顶端分生组织（ Ａｐｉｃａｌｍ ｅｒｉｓｔｅｍ ）进行了系统而细致的研究。研究表明：从营养生长转入到生殖生长早期，水稻生长锥发生了显著的变化，根据苗端分生组织（ Ｓｈｏｏｔ ａｐｉｃａｌｍ ｅｒｉｓｔｅｍ ， Ｓ Ａ Ｍ ）中原基分化的属性，将水稻幼穗早期起源和发育过程分为花序顶端分生组织期（ Ｉｎｆｌｏｒｅｓｃｅｎｃｅ ａｐｉｃａｌ ｍ ｅｒｉｓｔｅｍ ｐｈａｓｅ， Ｉ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ）、小穗顶端分生组织期（ Ｓｐｉｋｅｌｅｔ ａｐｉｃａｌ ｍ ｅｒｉｓｔｅｍ ｐｈａｓｅ， Ｓ Ｐ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ）、花顶端分生组织期（ Ｆｌｏｒａｌ ｍ ｅｒｉｓｔｅｍ ｐｈａｓｅ， Ｆ Ｍ Ｐ）。在这 ３ 个大的发育时期，又根据每一发育时期中的原基分生组织生长发育的程度及先后顺序分别又可分为：花序 ０ 期、花序Ⅰ期、花序Ⅱ期；小穗期Ⅰ期、小穗Ⅱ期、小穗Ⅲ期；内稃原基分化期、浆片原基分化期、雄蕊原基分化期、心皮原基分化期。同时，在研究过程中还发现了一些与前人所不同的形态发生特征，并初步探讨了水稻幼穗早期的起源及分化发育的机理。

Morphogenesis and shoot apical meristem (SAM) of rudimentary panicle of rice (Guangluai 4) were studied by SEM and tissue sectioning.Results demonstrate that there are conspicuous changes from vegetative shoot apical meristem to reproductive shoot apical meristem.The process of early differentiation and development of SAM were divided into the following three developmental phases by the identities of the pri mordia:inflorescence apical meristem phase (IAMP),spikelet apical meristem phase (SPAMP) and floral meristem phase (FMP).Furthermore,each developmental phase showed several different phases,these included inflorescence 0 phase,inflorescence Ⅰ phase,inflorescence Ⅱ phase;spikelet Ⅰ phase,spikelet Ⅱ phase,spikelet Ⅲ phase;palea primordium phase,lodicule primordium phase,stamen primordium phase and carpel primordium phase.In the course of the differentiation and development,some new characters of morphogenesis were found,and the mechanism of early development of rudimentary panicle were understood further,with which recent progress made in angiosperm shoot apical meristem structure and function were discussed.