芍药属牡丹组的分类历史和分类处理

Taxonomical history and revision of Paeonia sect. Moutan(Paeoniaceae)

芍药属Ｐａｅｏｎｉａ木本类群，即牡丹组ｓｅｃｔ．ＭｏｕｔａｎＤＣ．，为中国特有；广泛栽培的牡丹也起源于中国。遗憾的是我国学者对牡丹类群的分类一直未予重视，野生类群的标本也很少。９０年代以来对该类群的分类突然热起来，中外学者连续发表了多个新种、新亚种和新等级，但仍然没有一个全面的修订。在美国地理学会基金资助下，我们几乎踏遍了该类群分布区的各个角落，拜访了所有模式产地（仅一个例外），对６４个居群进行了考察和取样。在性状分析的基础上检查了各个分类群的问题，考证了全部模式，最后对该类群作出分类修订。本文是对分类历史的回顾，并表述了我们的分类处理：牡丹组共有８个种，其中３个种各包含两个亚种，另有两个杂种。

The taxonomical history of the woody group(peonies) in the genus Paeonia is reviewed in the present paper. The group is endemic to China, but Paeonia suffruticosa is commonly cultivated throughout the north temperate region and has long been known as “the King of Flowers” in China. However, the taxonomy of the group had been neglected before the 1990's. Since 1990, a number of new species and subspecies have been published. With the support from the National Geographic Society, the senior author of the present paper and his coworkers have made expeditions to all parts of the distribution area of the group, visited all the type localities and sampled a total of 64 populations. Based on the character analysis and examination of the type specimens or photos, each taxon is reviewed with its name checked nomenclaturally, and finally the taxonomy of the whole group is revised. As a result, eight species, three of which each contains two subspecies, are recognized. They are Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews subsp. suffruticosa and subsp. yinpingmudan D. Y. Hong, K. Y. Pan et Z. W. Xie, P. jishanensis T. Hong et W. Z. Zhao, P. qiui Y. L. Pei et D. Y. Hong, P. ostii T. Hong et J. X. Zhang, P. rockii (S. G. Haw et L. A. Lauener )T. Hong et J. J. Li subsp. rockii and subsp. taibaishanica D. Y. Hong, P. decomposita Hand. Mazz. subsp. decomposita and subsp. rotundiloba D. Y. Hong, P. delavayi Franch. and P. ludlowii (Stern et Taylor)D. Y. Hong. P. baokangensis Z. L. Dai et T. Hong and P. yananensis T. Hong et M. R. Li are considered as hybrids between P. rockii and P. qiui and between P. rockii and P. jishanensis respectively. In addition, the reduction of a number of names recently published to synonyms is explained.