西藏大团囊菌属及其生态分布

THE GENUS ELAPHOMYCES AND ITS ECOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION IN XIZANG

首次报道西藏分布的大团囊菌3个种与1个变种：Elaphoopcesgranulatusvar．granulatus，E.granulatusvar．asperulusE.tuberculatus和E.muricatus，讨论了种间和种内的一些特征分化或变异。其中，E．tuberculatus被确认为新种。这些种类均生于林下土中，与冷杉（Abies）、云杉（Picea）、栎属（Quercus）树种共生形成外生苗根，其垂直分布海拔高度可达3600m，然而西藏分布较广的松林下目前尚未发现该属种类的存在。大团囊菌种类在生态适应性上存在很宽的分布幅度，一般认为该类菌物是属于全球广布的热带、亚热带、温带直至亚高山寒温带均有分布的、典型的地下生生态类群。研究的标本全部保存于西藏高原生态研究所标本室（HXZE）。

Three species and a varities of Elaphomyces in Xizang, China are reported. Among them, E.granulatus var. granulatus, and E. muricatas were previously reposed from China, E. granulatus vary asperulus is a new record to China, and E. tuberculatus, with specially large warts on fruitbody surface in the group of E.granulatas, and no marbled peridium, is described as a new species (HXZE 1230, Type, deposited in Xizang Institute of Plateau Ecology). Variabilities between or within species are discussed and some regularities are discovered on the basis of study of the Tibetan collections. These species forming ectomycorrhizas are associated with Abies, Picea and Quercus, but no specimen has been collected in the Pine forests, which distributed widely in Xizang. According to some ecological factors as types of climate, forest soil and altitude, etc., the status of its ecological distribution are stated at the end of this paper.