“理气一物”:罗钦顺对程朱哲学的“接着讲”

The Dualism of Li and Qi:Luo Qinshun's Succession and Development of the Philosophies of Cheng Hao,Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi

中国古代思想史上的"理气之辩",经历了五百多年的漫长历程。贯穿于其中的是理本论与气本论哲学绵延数百年的争辩、诘难、冲突、融合与汇流。在中国古代思想史上,二程最早由理统气、由理训气,罗钦顺则对程朱派的理气论进行了哲学重构,理本论嬗变为气本论,理学已被气学悄悄"兼并"和整合,这是宋明理学史上一个重大哲学转向。罗钦顺从程朱营垒内部颠覆了理学体系,进而与张载和王廷相气学前后呼应。罗钦顺在中国思想史上地位的确立,在其理论方法层面,既源于"错看",也来自多年参悟基础上"发先儒之所未发"。

The dispute over Li（the universal order）and Qi（the universal breath）has lasted over 500 years in Chinese history,which witnessed the conflicts,fusion and convergence of the two philosophies：Li being the fundament and Qi being the fundament.In the history of Chinese ancient philosophy,Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi first proposed that the never changing base of the universe is Li and that Li is the base of Qi.Luo Qinshun reinterpreted the teachings of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi and made Qi the base of Li.Consequently,there came a major turning point in the Lixue（the School of Nature and Order）of the Song and Ming Dynasties.Luo Qinshun subverted the system of Lixue as an insider and echoed the Qixue advocated by Zhang Zai and Wang Tingxiang.Luo＇s position in the history of Chinese philosophy comes from his theoretical methodology and his thoughts that developed Confucianism.