近二十年海外银行中小企业贷款研究及新进展

Bank Loans to SMEs:A Review of Foreign Literature in the Last Two Decades

随着现代金融中介理论的发展,银行中小企业贷款问题的研究取得了突破性进展。国外学者在信息不对称的基础上探讨银行的经营模式,证明银行具有信息生产优势,银行贷款能够满足中小企业的融资需求。早期文献提供了基于关系型贷款技术的"小银行优势"的证据,近期研究显示,大银行的交易型贷款技术也可以解决信息不对称问题。市场竞争对中小企业贷款技术的影响取决于银行的规模和组织结构,而对于贷款可获得性的影响尚未得出一致结论。尽管法律制度显著影响中小企业融资,但跨国研究表明,发达国家与发展中国家银行都在积极开发中小企业贷款。未来在贷款技术的组合、市场竞争的影响和转轨型国家的中小企业贷款等方面可以期待出现更多成果。

With the development of modern theories of financial intermediation,there has been a breakthrough made in the study of bank loans to SMEs（small and medium enterprises）.Foreign scholars have discussed the mode of bank operation based on asymmetric information,proving that banks have an advantage in information production,and bank loans can meet the funding demands of SMEs.Early literature has provided evidence of ″small bank advantage″ on the basis of relationship lending technology,while recent research shows that large banks can also tackle the issue of asymmetric information with transactional lending technology.The impact of market competition on lending technologies depends on the size of a bank as well as its organizational structure.However,conclusion has not been reached as to how competition affects the credit availability of SMEs.Though legal institutions obviously affect SMEs＇s funding,cross-country studies show that banks in both developed and developing countries are actively finding ways to solve SMEs＇ financing problems.More fruitful research can be expected in areas such as the combination of bank lending technologies,the impact of market competition and the bank loans to SMEs in transitional economies.