中国现代学术话语的历史过程及其当下建构

Historical Process of China's Modern Academic Discourse and Its Contemporary Construction

"中国话语"从根本上是指中国所特有的术语、概念、范畴和言说体系。从鸦片战争开始到五四运动,中国的学术话语大略经历了从科学技术话语到社会科学话语再到人文科学话语的逐渐建构过程。中国现代学术话语大致可以划分为从五四新文化运动到新中国成立、从新中国成立到改革开放、改革开放以来三个阶段。中国当代学术话语最大的问题是过于"西化",在术语、概念和范畴上还比较单薄,对很多中国文化问题和现象缺乏有效的言说。建构中国当代学术话语体系,需要学习西方话语和继承传统话语,但更重要的还是创新,即根据中国社会文化发展的现实,总结、归纳和创造出我们自己的术语、概念和范畴,同时建立我们自己的价值标准。

Chinese discourse,in essence,refers to a specific system about terminologies,concepts,categories and speech of China.From the Opium War（1840） to the May Forth Movement（1919）,Chinese academic discourse underwent a constructing process,from a scientific and technical discourse to a discourse of social sciences and then to a discourse of humanity.The development of academic discourse pattern in modern China can be generally divided into three phases：（1）from the period of the May Forth Movement to the founding of New China（1949）,（2） from 1949 to the start of Reform and Opening-up（1978）,and（3） the period after the Reform and Opening-up.The biggest problem of Chinese contemporary academic discourse seems to lie in ″Over Westernization″,with little Chinese discoursal expression of cultural phenomena in China.To construct a system of China＇s contemporary academic discourse,it is necessary to study the Western discourse and develop the traditional discourse.However,based on the China＇s social and cultural development,the spirit of innovation is of utmost importance when we summarize and create our own terminologies,concepts and categories to construct our own criteria of the value system.