英国旅行文学与现代“情感结构”的形成

English Travel Literature and the Shaping of Modern ″Structures of Feeling″

18世纪的英国处在贵族精英与中产阶级同时并存、海外冒险与殖民开拓齐头并进、大陆旅行与国内旅游互相促进的年代。在旅行文学的影响下,启蒙时代英国人的"情感结构"发生了微妙而深刻的变化,从注重平衡对称的古典美学理念转而强调崇高和宏伟的情感体验,从理性至上的态度转而注重感伤主义和情感主义。持续不断的旅行刺激了文化感受力的复苏,激发了旅行主体的移情能力,使其获得了替代性经历,从而更加深刻地认识了自己。通过时空的转换,旅行主体持续不断地躲避着固定的身份和定义,持续不断地发现自我和确认自我。"情感结构"中出现的这种主体性倾向,在此后的浪漫主义思潮中获得了进一步发展。

The 18th century British society witnessed subtle and profound changes in ″structures of feeling″.In the Age of Enlightenment,the aristocratic elite tried to coexist with the middle classes,overseas adventures pioneered colonial expansion,the grand tour and home travels developed and promoted each other,and the travel literature played an important role in the shaping of new structures of feeling which turned from the classical aesthetic ideal of symmetry and balance to sublime and grandeur,and from rationalism to sentimentalism.Continual travels wakened the traveler＇s cultural perception and sensitivity,stimulated his capability of empathy,renewed his cultural experience,and deepened his self-cognition.With frequent changes in time and space the traveler dodged all fixed roles and definitions,going further and further on the way of self-discovery and self-identification.With the passage of time,the growth of subjectivity in structures of feeling would find its next page and high tide in the approaching Age of Romanticism.