有冰条件下撇油器回收溢油速率试验研究

Experiments on the Recovery Rate of Multi-functional Oil Skimmers under Ice Conditions

为评价一种进口多功能撇油器应对渤海冬季溢油的能力,试验分别对刷式、盘式、鼓式三种撇油头在无冰和有冰(冰密集度约5成)条件下进行收油速率测试。试验以100 L油品为基数,测出在各种组合条件下回收油品所需要的时间,并把鼓式撇油头在有冰条件下的泵速提高,再进行试验。结果发现三种撇油方式的回收速率不仅与撇油头类型有关,同时也取决于是否有冰;在有冰条件下,三种撇油头收油效果都受到影响,其中盘式撇油器受影响最大,无法回收溢油;在有冰条件下加大鼓式撇油头泵速会提高总回收速率,但含水率同时提高;对凝固原油,撇油器无能为力。试验结果对正确评估三种类型的撇油头在两种情况下的收油效果和相关单位应具备的清除溢油能力,以及今后引进设备提高应急能力将起到借鉴作用。

To assess an imported multi-functional skimmer's capability of treating winter oil spill in Bohai,China,we carry out an oil recovery rate test on brush,plate and drum skimmer heads in the ice and ice-free(about 50% ice concentration) conditions.Setting oil 100 L as the base,we test the time required for oil recovery in conditions of various combinations.Then we increase the pump speed of drum skimmer head in ice condition and conduct the experiment again.The results show that the recovery rates of three skimmer types not only associate with the skimmer types,but also depend on ice conditions.In ice condition,the oil recovery effects of all three skimmer heads are influenced and the plate skimmer even can't recover spilled oil.Increasing the drum skimmer head's pump speed can improve the total recovery rate in ice condition,but the moisture content is increasing at the same time.The skimmer is invalid for solidified oil.The experiment results are helpful to the correct assessment for recovery effects of three skimmer heads in ice and ice-free conditions and for the ability to clean the spilled oil which the relevant enterprises should have.They also provide reference for equipment introduction to improve emergency response capabilities in the future.