上海市部分临床护理人员职业防护的现状分析

Current Status and Analysis of Nurse's Occupational Protection in Shanghai

目的了解上海市部分临床护理人员职业防护现状,为上海市医院管理者和相关政策部门提供科学参考。方法自行设计护士职业防护现状调查问卷,对7所上海市综合性医院(其中2所为二级医院,5所为三级医院)的405名临床一线护理人员进行调查。结果医院对护士职业防护的总体水平平均为(2.07±0.91)分,护士对医院职业防护指南的依从程度平均为(2.10±0.83)分,医院对护士职业防护的重视程度平均为(2.15±0.95)分。医院提供的最常见的3种职业防护器具依次为口罩、手套和快速擦手消毒液。88.4%护士认为其所在医院已设立医护人员职业暴露后处理系统,76.3%的护士接受过医院提供的免费乙肝疫苗接种。48.4%护士所在医院的化疗药物由病区护士自行配置,且自行配置化疗药时61.2%护士没有采取职业防护措施。75.1%护士所在医院对护理人员进行过职业防护培训。最常见的护士职业危害包括锐器伤、心理危害与化学性危害。结论尽管目前上海市医疗机构对护士职业防护日益重视,但护士职业防护现状不容乐观。医院管理部门应健全职业防护保障体系,完善职业暴露后处理流程,为护理人员提供充足且品种齐全的职业防护用具,定期对护理人员进行职业防护相关知识的培训,以提高其职业防护水平。

Objective To comprehend the current status of nurse＇s occupational protection in Shanghai through questionnaire investigation so as to provide scientific references for the health administrators and policy makers.Methods The nurse＇s occupational protection questionnaire was designed and released to 405 clinical nurses in 7 general hospitals（2 in Level Ⅱand 5 in Level Ⅲ） in Shanghai.Results The average scores of clinical nurses＇ occupational protection status,the nurses＇ appliance to the hospital guidelines of occupational protection,and the degree of emphasis which the hospital put on nurses＇ occupational health were 2.07±0.91,2.10±0.83 and 2.15±0.95,respectively.Three of the most common personal protection equipments were masks,gloves and fast hand hygiene disinfectors.Altogether 88.4% of the respondents considered that their hospitals owned the post-exposure procedures for nurses.Then 76.3% of the respondents accepted free HBV vaccines in their hospital.Totally,48.4% of the respondents prepared chemotherapy drugs by themselves,but 61.2% of them didn＇t have proper protective measures.Only 75.1% of the respondents gained continuing education related to occupational health.Three of the most common occupational hazards were sharp injuries,psychological and chemical hazards.Conclusion Nowadays,increasing emphasis is attached to nurses＇ occupational protection by hospitals administrators in Shanghai,but there are still many aspects which need to be improved.The occupational protection level can be enhanced by perfecting occupational protection guarantee system,improving the treatment procedure after occupational exposure,providing sufficient and complete varieties of occupational protection appliance for nursing staff and conducing regular occupational protection training for nursing staff.