中国古代考试制度演变及其对高考改革的启示

Upon the Transformation of China's Ancient Test System and its Enlightenment on Today's Reform of the National Entrance Exam to Colleges

本文回顾了我国古代考试制度的演变历程,认为考试制度在中国经历了一个直线前进、健康发展的过程,从其价值取向上来说体现了教育公平和社会公平,在中国历史和世界范围内发挥了重大作用,产生了深远影响。但是由于古代考试制度颠倒了"育才"与"选士"两种功能的关系,其教育功能沦为政治功能的附庸,因而失去了生命力。当前改革考试制度,就要使考试回归其本质功能,真正成为促进学校教育发展、促进人才发展的制度,而不仅仅是一种选拔人才的工具。

The essay, based on its review of the transformation of China＇s ancient test system, holds the fact that the everlasting and irreplaceable test system, continuously developed and perfected, symbolizes educational and social fairness and justice in education assessment and talents selection, which influences the progress of the Chinese history and the whole world greatly. The ancient test institution, however, failed to figure out its role in personnel cultivation and official selection, thus its educational function giving way to its political dependency. Therefore, the author suggests that today＇s test system be renovated to be in line with its essential function so as to promote the advance of schooling and the personal development, instead of being only a tool to select talents.