航空事故调查中人的因素安全建议框架研究

Research on the framework of safety recommendations for human factor in aviation accident investigation

对航空事故中人的不安全行为进行了系统分析,将失误划分为感知失误、记忆失误、决策失误、技能失误4个类别,将违章划分为习惯性违章和偶然性违章。将人的因素干预维度确定为组织管理、人/团队、技术、任务和环境。针对不安全行为制定相应的初步改进措施后,还需从措施的可行性、可接受性、经济性和有效性4个方面进行综合评估和取舍。实证研究表明,人的因素干预矩阵是制定安全建议的有效工具,该框架具备良好的适用性。

Unsafe acts of human in aviation accidents were analyzed systemically.The errors were classified into sense and perceptual errors,memory error,decision-making error and skill error.Violation were classified into routine and exceptional violation.The dimensions for human factor intervention were organization and management,human/team,technology,task and the environment.After preliminary recommendations were made to various unsafe acts,they were necessary to be assessed comprehensively and chosen in accordance with the feasibility,acceptability,cost and effectiveness.Practical study showed that human factors intervention matrix provides an effective tool for developing the proposed safety recommendations and the frame on aviation accident investigation has excellent adaptability.