印度古代佛教之外主要沙门思潮流派中的信息、系统、复杂性思想

The Information System and Complex Thinking of the Main Samana Schools Except from the Buddhism of Ancient India

在印度古代沙门思潮哲学流派中,耆那教的"七谛说"强调了七种实在或真理,归纳起来可以认为这一理论是把极微、时间、空间、运动、静止、灵魂看作是世界的六大基本构成要素;顺世派的"四大元素"论把地、水、火、风看成是构成世界的本源性存在;生活派的"十二元素"论则把灵魂(命)、地、水、火、风、虚空、得、失、苦、乐、生、死看成是构成世界的基本要素。这些理论深刻体现着多元实在论、全息论、整体涌现论的思想。耆那教"或然论"的"七支论法"强调的是事物本身的暂存性、条件性和过程性的相对性特征,以及人的认识的有限性、局限性、片面性的相对性特征,这样的理论在一定程度上揭示了过程论、随机性、非决定论的复杂性观念。生活派和顺世派的"自然因论"则具有非决定论的、自组织的复杂性思想。

In the ancient Indian Samana philosophy schools,Jainism theory＇s ＂Seven Noble Truths＂ put emphasis on seven truths.This theory believes that the world consists of six fundamental factors： subtlty,time,space,movement,stillness and soul.Lokayata Four elements,Ajivikas twelve elements reflected a profound expression of the multi-realism,holographic theory and the whole emergence.The Saptabhanginaya in Syadvada of Jainism places stress on temporality,conditionality and process in the nature of things and limitation,localization and partiality in people＇s cognition.Such theory reveals complexity conceptions in process theory,random and indeterminism to a certain degree.Theory of cause of nature in Ajivikas and Lokayata had the complexity thinking of indeterminism and self-organization.