主观推介与隐性评价——“不/没+VP_1+等于+没/没有+VP_2”构式探析

Subjective Presentation and Implicit Evaluation:An Analysis of the Construction of "bù(不)/ méi(没)+VP_1+ děngyú(等于)+méi(没)/ méi yǒu(没有)+VP_2"

评价是一个表达范畴,与句法、语义和语用都密切相关。评价意义可以通过词汇手段显性表达,也可以通过句法手段隐性表达。由于隐性表达比较隐蔽,对其进行发掘和整理就显得尤为重要。本文属于隐性评价的个案研究,论述了"不/没+VP1+等于+没/没有+VP2"构式的句法和语义、构式的主观性和主观化、构式的语用功能,发现该构式表达一个蕴含假设关系的主观等值命题,主观性非常强。构式由动词"等于"连接前后两项,语义重心在前,其构式义是主观推介和隐性评价的复合。该构式具有焦点凸显、广告宣传、施为导向等语用功能。

Appraisal is an expression category and connected with syntactic,semantic and pragmatic tightly.The meaning of evaluation can be expressed by vocabulary means explicitly and by syntax means implicitly.Because of its implicit expression,it is particularly important to carry out the excavation and arrangement.This paper belong to implicit evaluation case studies.It elaborates the construction of ＂bù（不）/ méi（没）＋VP1＋ děngyú（等于）＋ méi（没）/ méi yǒu（没有）＋VP2＂ on the syntax and semantic,subjectivity and subjectivisation,the pragmatic function.It is discovered that the Construction is a subjective equivalent one containing two parts which connected by the verb ＂děngyú（等于）＂.The former plays a more important role of semantic,with the Construction meaning of subjective presentation and implicit evaluation and the pragmatic functions of focus emphasis,advertisement propagation and movement guide.