论战争罪在国际刑法中的确认和特点

On the Establishment and Characteristics of the War Crime in the International Criminal Law

战争罪是与战争紧密联系的国际犯罪,指在战争或者武装冲突中严重违反战争法规或惯例规则、严重侵犯国际人道主义法的行为,被认为是应予以惩治的最严重的国际犯罪之一。第二次世界大战结束之后,通过对发动和组织战争的首要战犯进行国际刑事审判,国际社会扩充对战争罪的认识。随着前南和卢旺达国际刑事法庭的审判实践,在适用战争罪时有所突破。在综合先前的国际性法律文件的相关规定之基础上,《罗马规约》将战争罪列为国际刑事法院所管辖的核心罪行之一,并且以专门条款详细地规定关于战争罪的定义和具体表现形态。

The War Crime,which is an international crime closely linked with the war or the armed conflicts,refers to the behavior which seriously violates the war regulations,practice rules or the international humanitarian law.The War Crime is considered to be one of the international crimes which deserve the most severe punishment.After World War II,the international community expanded its understanding of the War Crime through the international criminal trial of the primary war criminals who mobilized or organized the war.With the practice of International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda,a breakthrough may be possible in the application of the War Crime.Based on the interrelated provisions of previous international legal documents,the Rome Statute stipulates the War Crime as one of core crimes which are under the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court.Moreover,the Rome Statute formulates the definition and specific forms of the War Crime with detailed terms.