略论汉代天水郡的民族管理建置

Discussion on the National Administrative System in Tianshui County in Han Dynasty

汉代天水郡是一郡三种建置并存,即管理普通民众的县、管理归降民族的属国和管理聚居民族的道。属国和道不同于郡县制,其民众"因其故俗",享有一定的自治权,这种民族管理建置适应了汉代天水郡多民族聚居、民族成份复杂的形势,体现了汉代民族政策的包容性和灵活性,有利于当地民族融合的发展和边郡的稳定。东汉时天水属国停设,在此地恢复了县的建置,道的数目也大为减少,这说明了东汉中央集权制的进一步加强。

Tianshui county was a county of three kinds of local administrated system co-existing in Han dynasty. The ordinary people were managed by county . The national minorities who submitted to authority of government were settled down Vassal state . The populated national minorities were managed by Dao. Vassal state and Dao were different from county system. Its people followed to their original custom and had some privilege. This system adapted to the situation of multi-ethnic and complicated national composition of Tianshui county, in favor of the development of national integration and stability of border area. In Eastern Han Dynasty, Tianshui vassal state was ceased, and county was recovered , the number of Dao had been greatly reduced . It showed the centralization was further strengthened in Eastern Han dynasty.