Costaria costata常温人工育苗的研究

Artificial seeding of sea weed Costaria costata at ambient temperature

以浮筏栽培的Costaria costata成熟种藻为材料,采用阴干刺激方法获得大量孢子并采集在维尼纶绳苗帘上,研究了孢子萌发、配子体生长发育和幼孢子体生长与水温的关系。结果表明:胚孢子在水温16℃下24 h后开始萌发形成配子体;16～22℃是配子体生长的适宜温度,经过近1个月培育,雌雄配子体藻团直径分别可达50μm和45μm;雌雄配子体在水温达到22℃后生长速度明显减慢,超过23℃后生长停止进入休眠期;当水温降至23℃以下时配子体恢复生长,22℃时雌雄配子体开始发育,形成卵囊和精子囊,21.5～20.5℃是雌雄配子体成熟高峰期,其间雌雄配子体大量排出卵和放出精子,其卵囊和精子囊形成率分别达到70%和62%;卵受精后形成的幼孢子体在21.5～20℃间生长很快,受精20 d时测定藻体长度达到200μm以上,经过1个月海区暂养培育成藻体长度为0.3 cm的幼苗,经海区栽培后生长成为长为3 m、宽为35 cm的C.costata成体。

Mass zoospores were induced to release from sea weed Costaria costata collected from culture rafts by drying in air and were spread on nylon strings.The germination of zoospores,development of gametophytes and growth of juvenile sporophytes were studied in natural seawater temperature.The zoospores were found to germinate into gametophytes over 24 h at 16 ℃.The female and male gametophytes developed rapidly into clusters in diameter of 50 μm and 45 μm from 16 ℃ to 20 ℃,but developed slowly at 22 ℃,even stopped developing over 23 ℃.The mature female and male gametophytes produced oogonia and antheridia with formation rate of 70% for oogonia and 62% for antheridia,from which released eggs and sperm from 21.5 ℃ to 20.5 ℃.The juvenile sporophytes had good growth from 21.5 ℃ to 20 ℃.The sporelings had length of over 200 μm after germination,0.3 cm after one month holding cultivation,and mature sporophytes length of 3 m and width of 35 cm in sea cultivation.