兴凯湖4种野生鲌类营养成分的比较分析

Comparison of nutritive component among four wild culters in Shingkai Lake

采用常规生化分析方法,对兴凯湖4种野生鲌类(翘嘴鲌Culter alburnus、蒙古鲌C.mongolicus、兴凯鲌C.dabryi和红鳍原鲌Cultrichthys erythropterus)的肌肉营养成分和品质进行了分析。结果表明:4种鲌类鲜样肌肉中粗蛋白含量为17.92%～19.86%(质量分数,下同),其中红鳍原鲌粗蛋白含量显著高于翘嘴鲌和兴凯鲌(P﹤0.05),而与蒙古鲌含量相近(P﹥0.05);4种鲌类鲜样肌肉中粗脂肪含量为0.12%～0.68%,其中红鳍原鲌粗脂肪含量显著低于其它3种鲌类(P﹤0.05),4种鲌类之间存在一定的差异;4种鲌类干样肌肉中18种氨基酸总量由高到低依次为红鳍原鲌(75.08%)﹥兴凯鲌(73.05%)﹥翘嘴鲌(72.38%)﹥蒙古鲌(67.20%);必需氨基酸总量高低顺序为红鳍原鲌(33.04%)﹥兴凯鲌(32.89%)﹥蒙古鲌(32.45%)﹥翘嘴鲌(31.89%);鲜味氨基酸含量高低顺序为翘嘴鲌(24.64%)﹥红鳍原鲌(24.52%)﹥兴凯鲌(23.07%)﹥蒙古鲌(17.34%);必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为66.59～69.14,其构成比例符合联合国粮农组织、世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)的标准。这表明4种鲌类都属于高蛋白、低脂肪、氨基酸种类齐全的营养价值较高的优质鱼类。

The nutritive components and nutritional quality were analyzed and compared in muscles of four wild culters（Culter alburnus,Culter mongolicus,Culter dabryi and Cultrichthys erythropterus） in Shingkai Lake by conventional biochemistry methods.The results showed that these culters had 17.92%-19.86% of crude protein and 0.12%-0.68% of fat in muscles（wet weight）.There was significantly higher crude protein content in the muscle of C.erythropterusthan than that in C.alburnus and C.dabryi（P﹤0.05）,while closed to that in C.mongolicus（P﹥0.05）.The minimal content of crude fat was found in Cultrichthys erythropterus,significantly lower than that in those three culters.The content of total amino acid（TAA） in muscles（dry weight） was descendantly ranged as：C.erythropterus（75.08%）﹥C.dabryi（73.05%）﹥C.alburnus（72.38%）﹥C.mongolicus（67.20%）.The order of total essential amino acid（EAA） of exprimental population was：C.erythropterus（33.04%）﹥C.dabryi（32.89%）﹥C.mongolicus（32.45%）﹥C.alburnus（31.89%）,and for contents of delicious amino acld（DAA）,it was arranged as C.alburnus（24.64%）﹥C.erythropterus（24.52%）﹥C.dabryi（23.07%）﹥C.mongolicus（17.34%）.The essential amino acid index（EAAI） was from 66.59 to 69.14 in the muscles of the four species culter,the constitutional rate of the essential amino acids（EAA） within the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations（FAO）/World Health Organization（WHO） Standard,indicating that all of four culters had high nutritional value including high protein content,low fat content and all amino acids.