社会救助制度政府责任的正当性及其限度——基于伦理学视域的分析

On the Legitimacy and Limitation of State Responsibility to Social Assistance System——Analysis on the Sight of Ethics

社会救助制度关系社会财富的再分配,也就必然涉及到国家和政府的责任问题。国家和政府在社会救助制度中承担何种责任是一个复杂的现代性政治伦理问题。社会救助制度责任主体的历史变迁整体上经历了三个基本阶段,即个人责任阶段、过渡阶段和政府责任阶段。社会救助制度政府责任的正当性首先源于国家的公共性本质,其次源于现代社会分配正义的价值诉求。市民社会与国家的伦理张力,社会救助制度责任主体的多元性,以及社会救助制度的道德风险决定了社会救助制度政府责任的限度。

Social assistance system is related to the redistribution of social wealth,and therefore it is related to state responsibility inevitably.State responsibility for social assistance system is a complicated modern political ethics problem.The responsibility subject of social assistance system has experienced three basic stages as a whole,namely stage of personal liability,transitory stage and stage of state responsibility.The legitimacy of state responsibility for social assistance system is firstly derived from the public nature of state,and secondly from the value appeal of distributive justice.The limitation of state responsibility for social assistance system is probably decided by ethical tension of civil society and the state,the plurality of responsibility subject of social assistance system and moral hazard of social assistance system.