对我国要物合同规定的反思

Reflections on the Legislation of Real Contract in China

由于要物合同与合意主义在表面上存在严重冲突,许多学者主张将之废除。但由于他们未能正确认识到要物合同这一旧的法律遗产被保留下来的真正原因,要物合同存在的理论意义与现实意义被低估了。从正当性的视角看,法律规定要物合同不仅是对交易形态的如实反映,且会为当事人的系争提供规范依据,在特定的交易场合,该设计甚至有利于达成当事人双方利益关系的平衡;从必要性的视角看,要物合同之设不仅会回应社会生活中的现实需求,且它为设计将来可能出现的非传统要物合同留下了余地,甚至某些新的交易形式亦有需求它的空间。我国的要物合同规定应在如上法理的基础上加以修正。

Many scholars argue that real contract should be abolished because it apparently conflicts with consensualism.In spite of this,the theoretical and practical ground for the existence of real contract has been underestimated due to the misunderstanding to it.From the perspective of justification,real contract can truly reflect the form of transaction and provide norm for the disputes between the parties,and on some occasions,it may balance the benefits between the parties.From the perspective of necessity,such design can meet the demands of realistic social life and provide possibility for the design of untraditional real contract in the future,and some new transaction types even need such design.Real contract in China should be rectified on the base of the above jurisprudence.