我国优秀田径人才流动性研究

A Research on the Fluidity of Elite Track and Field Athletics in China

运用文献资料法、案例分析法对我国建国以来不同时期优秀田径人才国内、国际流动的形式、规模和范围进行研究,结果表明:1)优秀田径人才流动状况在不同时期具有明显的阶段性特征;2)优秀田径人才流动形式以垂直流动为主;3)在不同的社会发展阶段,优秀田径人才的平行流动呈现出向发达地区流动的趋势;4)与其他竞技运动项目相比,田径优秀人才的国际流动不足;5)优秀田径人才职业转换途径增多,跨行业职业流动也逐渐多样;6)优秀田径人才流动过程中市场机制尚不成熟,规范性较差,也是制约我国田径竞技水平的一个重要因素。

Literature and case analysis are used in this article to examine the form,scale and scope of elite China＇s track and field athletes＇ flow in different periods since the founding of PRC.The outcome showed that： 1）Track and field athletes＇ flow in different periods has obvious characteristics.2）Vertical flow is the mainstream of the outstanding track and field athletes flow.3）In the different phase of social development,the outstanding track and field athletes are intent to flow to the developed areas.4）Compare with other competitive sport, the international flow of track and field athletes is insufficient.5）The paths of career transfer are increasing and multi-industry transfer is diversified.6） The immature of market mechanism and lack of normalization are the factors that restrict the development of China＇s track and field.